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Ten years ago, research on ionic liquids was a relatively unknown backwater of chemistry. Few chemists were familiar with these low-melting-point salts that have negligible vapor pressure, and barely ...

The applications of spectroscopic ellipsometry for the precise characterization of liquid-liquid and liquid-air interfaces include surface science, biomedical applications, thin film coatings, and ...

On-chip refractive-index monitors suit industrial process control and biodetection, as the UK company seeks commercialization partners. Winning venture capital (VC) funding is a major milestone for ...